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From Odwiki

SGI (Silicon Graphics Inc.) makes graphics workstations. The founder of SGI (Jim Clark) went on to form Netscape.

At one time, SGI machines were used almost exclusively for high end 3D graphics. The reasons for this are many, but the primary reason was their graphics library (GL). Later, SGI generalized their GL and developed OpenGL which has now been ported to various platforms.

SGI machines traditionally ran Irix, though later machines ran Windows or Linux.

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Also, .sgi files are a raster image format. They also appear in with a .rgb extension. They support 8-bit RGBA channels, RLE-encoded for compression. There is a .sgi16 variant which supports 16bpp (bits per pixel).